Non ! le théorème BGV ne prouve pas que l'univers a forcément une origine
Dans
un email rendu publique en 2013 par le théologien William Lane Craig,
Vilenkin reconnaissait lui-même que son théorème peut être contourné, et ne
marche probablement pas dans certains multivers ou autres situations
physiques
"Alex Vilenkin in the past claimed that the theorem proves a beginning to the universe, his position now (voyez ici) seems more in line with Guth's, stating: ‘The theorem proves that inflation must have a beginning, right, the universe as a whole, it doesn't, and the theorem doesn't say that."
"Guth favours a model where there are two regions of
space-time, one expanding and the other contracting. The arrow of time
points forward in both regions. Such models are known as Janus
Universes and other cosmologists have also put forward variations on
the idea. Craig claims that since the arrow of time reverses at the
bounce there is no sense in which the other region is in our past and
so there is still a beginning. While these models do perhaps have a
thermodynamic beginning, they do not have a geometric beginning. In
other words, if we draw the path of a particle it can be extended to
past infinity. There are no moments in the entire evolution where there
is nothing. So, there is no creation ex nihilo."
"according to the Quantum Eternity theorem the
universe must have existed for an infinite amount of time in the past
as long as the net energy of the universe has a non-zero form. So it seems we have two possibilities, both appealing to the naturalist. If
the universe has zero net energy it may have been spontaneously
created. If it does not, then it should have existed forever."
"To conclude, we have a wealth of evidence
that there was some sort of big bang event, but we have no evidence
that this event marks the beginning of time. No observations confirm
there was a singularity. And the existence of a singularity is disputed
by the vast majority of cosmologists. Even if there was a singularity
it is doubtful that this represents a case of true creation ex nihilo.
And even if the universe was created ex nihilo, as Vilenkin proposes,
this may not be incompatible with naturalism."
Phillip Halper. The Kalam cosmological argument: Critiquing a recent defence. Think 20 (57):153-165 (2021
Enfin,
NON, la science ne sait pas aujourd'hui s'il y a une singularité ou
pas. La singularité disparait ou réapparait selon les modèles ; mais
les tentatives de gravité quantique sont en fait trop mal établies pour
que nous puissions prétendre décrire l'univers près du big-bang, donc
on ne sait toujours pas si la singularité disparait ou pas. Bref, il
n'y a pas de réponses largement admises par la communauté scientifique
sur ces questions à ce jour.
Exemples de modèles récents sans singularité:
- La théorie de Nikodem Poplawski
qui propose que le big-bang est la naissance d'un trou-noir. Cette
théorie a été classée parmi les dix plus grandes découvertes
scientifiques de l'année 2010 par National Geographic et Science (même
cela reste une théorie)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liMycl-WioQ
- Jean Pierre Luminet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufMwAjzVS2E
- Aurélien Barrau (2020)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhbdTBis8ug&t=710s
- Modèle cyclique avec Big crunch
https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/actualites/astronomie-fin-expansion-univers-serait-bientot-19340/
- Hugo Lisoir
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAvjtB_4kqQ
► Page principale du site du philosophe Willeime